ABSTRACT
In general, it can only be stated that new or emerging diseases are dangerous diseases and have high potential for spreading. Their common denominator is high mortality, dangerous spread in the population and limited treatment options. Today, there is a real possibility of introducing these diseases from the areas of their occurrence due to massive tourism, population migration and foreign workers. Another possibile way of their spread may be abuse in the form of bioterrorism, i.e. the use of an infectious agent as a biological weapon. The World Health Organization (WHO) continuously monitors and quantifies dangerous events in several well-defined categories (e.g. nuclear hazards, chemical hazards, natural disasters), however, annual as well as long-term statistics lead infectious diseases worldwide, which, due to epidemics and pandemics, account for more than 80% of the overall picture. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is unprecedented. This is also because it is the first pandemic in human history, during which we are able to develop both drugs and vaccines against the biological agent. Copyright © 2022, EEZY Publishing, s.r.o.. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Advances in unmanned aerial vehicle technology in terms of industrial processes and communication and network technologies have led to a gradual increase in their use in civil, commercial and social applications since 2000. Global rules in most countries in the past have limited the use of drones to military applications. However, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is helping to expand the use of drones in many ways - including human medicine. Recent experience suggests the importance and legitimacy of using unmanned aerial vehicles to reduce or eliminate human contact to a minimum, and to transport medical supplies to hard-to-reach areas at virtually any time of day or night throughout the year. Copyright © 2021, Medakta s.r.o.. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Researchers have warned against the acceleration of new infectious diseases, which can cause major problems due to increasing factors that determine the emergence of pandemic spread of infectious diseases. Vaccination protects against an infectious disease, as well as to stop the spread of the infection. At the individual level, a specific immune response is created, at the population level, herd immunity is created. Recently, vaccines are available for more than 25 different diseases, constructed on at least six different principles. Due to the effects of the pandemic spread of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the development of a vaccine has become one of the key objectives in the fight against this respiratory infectious disease. A secondary consequence of the pandemic is postponement of non-urgent medical procedures, including vaccinations. However, the recommendations are clear, the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks and it is recommended not to delay vaccination. Copyright © 2020, Medakta s.r.o.. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The earliest cases of COVID-19 disease in Africa were, in most cases, the result of imports from abroad. The Democratic republic of the Congo (DRC) identified the first case at the beginning of 2020. Two days after his return from France, the first patient was tested positively in the capital, Kinshasa. The travel restrictions and status of the state of emergency were announced on 24 March 2020. A lockdown followed. In June of the same year, 11 provinces were already affected by COVID-19 disease. The negative socio-economic impact has occurred and is similar to that in any other country. The DRC does not differ from other African countries or on the issue of infectious diseases such as HIV, malaria, cholera, measles or Ebola virus disease. Recurring Ebola epidemics are addressed by vaccination with Ervebo vaccine. Unlike Ebola, part of the population does not believe in the existence of SARS-CoV-2 and does not respect basic anti-epidemic measures. Medical capacities were very limited at the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, both in terms of diagnosis and testing and availability of treatment (60 ventilators to 83 million inhabitants). The situation is complicated as a result of 20 years continuing wars. Another African country, Guinea, is currently facing not only COVID-19, but also the zoonotic disease of Lassa fever, which has been detected in several patients. Copyright © 2021, Medakta s.r.o.. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
In 1999, a new RNA virus was identified in Malaysia, later named Nipah. Although the global pandemic of the SARS--CoV-2 virus has not yet ended, it is the Nipah virus that is often referred to as another potentially highly dangerous viral infection for humankind. It is again a zoonosis. The virus is transmitted mainly by water lilies. These flying mammals are closely related to bats. In 2001, the virus spread to Bangladesh, causing several rapidly spreading epidemics. In 2020, Nipah appeared in India and killed 17 people in the Kerala region where more than two billion people live. In October 2021, the Phase 1 study of the Nipah virus vaccine HeV-sG-V developed by Auro Vaccines LLC should be completed and evaluated. Copyright © 2021, Medakta s.r.o.. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
In recent years, we have developed some vaccines quite quickly. The design of the vaccine against SARS took 19 months, seven months against Ebola, and only half a year in case of Zika virus. Vaccine design is not currently such a problem. Anyway, it is time consuming to test the candidate substance. Under normal circumstances, it lasts for ten years (USA), and 90% of the tested candidate samples end in failure. North America is one of the leaders in research of vacciness and other therapeutic methods against SARS-CoV-2 virus. Couple of them are mentioned in the following text. Copyright © 2020, Medakta s.r.o.. All rights reserved.